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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2012 May;50(5):399–405. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318245a147
Criterion Description
Insufficient opportunity to manage hypertension
  • <2 non-acute visits to medically-focused outpatient clinics in the past year, or <1 non-acute visit to these clinics 1–2 years prior.

    • Acute visits defined as visits for acute pain or acute infection or visits within 1 week before or 2 weeks after hospitalization.

Adverse effects of treatment
  • Adverse events attributed to antihypertensive treatment for ≥3 antihypertensive drugs classes (for lower-risk patients) or all major antihypertensive drug classes (for higher-risk patients) *; or

  • Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension with the use of 2 separate antihypertensive medication classes; or

  • Diastolic blood pressure < 65 and systolic blood pressure > 140.

Pre-existing antihypertensive medication use
  • Patient is already prescribed ≥4 antihypertensive medications at effective doses from ≥4 different drug classes.

Competing or clinically dominant comorbidities
  • Terminal or end-stage non-cardiovascular disease with limited life expectancy; or

  • Dementia; or

  • Enrollment in hospice; or

  • Uncontrolled severe mental illness or substance abuse

Other patient factors Patient desires a palliative approach and an emphasis on comfort over life prolongation; or
Patient is reluctant to take medications to treat hypertension, and education and/or discussion with the patient about the benefits of treating hypertension is documented in the medical record; or
Patient has poor adherence to medications and education and/or discussion with the patient about adherence strategies and/or preferences is documented