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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2012 Feb 1;188(5):2127–2135. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102412

Figure 2. Vitamin D inhibits LPS-induced cytokine production in human monocytes.

Figure 2

PBMC were cultured in hormone-free medium containing 25(OH)D3, (A, C) or 1,25(OH)2D3, (B, D, E) for 24 h, followed by 24 h of treatment with 10 ng/ml of LPS. IL-6 (A, B) and TNF-a (C, D) mRNA levels in the total PBMC were detected by real-time PCR after 24 h of stimulation with LPS (n=4). IL-6 protein levels (E) in the culture supernatants following LPS stimulation were detected by ELISA (n=4). (F) IL-6 expression in CD14+ cells was detected in human monocytes by flow cytometry after 24 h of pretreatment with 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 followed by 6 h of stimulation with LPS. The percentage of CD14+ cells expressing IL-6 was calculated. Values represent mean±SEM (n=4 experiments). (G) Representative flow cytometry data on the effects of LPS and vitamin D/LPS on IL-6 production by human monocytes is shown.