Table 1.

Nonrenal manifestations of SLE more prominent in males by cohort.

Cohort	Laboratory abnormalities found increased in males	Clinical manifestations increased in males	Clinical manifestations decreased in males
LUMINA [4]	Lupus anticoagulant	Organ damage accrual	Musculoskeletal (MSK) disease
Hopkins [16]	Lymphopenia	Neuropsychiatric	Malar rash
	anti-Sm	Renal	Photosensitivity
	direct Coombs	Cardiovascular disease	Oral ulcers
	Lupus anti-coagulant	Peripheral vascular disease	Alopecia
	low C3		Raynaud's phenomenon
	anti-dsDNA		Arthralgia
Mok [1]	Thrombocytopenia	Discoid lesions	MSK disease
		Cardiovascular damage	Alopecia
			Raynaud's disease
GLADEL [12]	Leukopenia	Constitutional symptoms	Arthralgia
	Lymphopenia	Neurologic manifestations	MSK disease
	Hemolytic anemia	at onset	Skin disease
	Thrombocytopenia	Cardiovascular disease
	IgG ACL Ab	Arterial HTN
	Low C3
Molina [8]	dsDNA ab	Arthritis	Raynaud's disease
		Vascular thrombosis
		CNS manifestations
		Cardiopulmonary disease
Stefanidou [13]	Thrombocytopenia	Stroke	Alopecia
		APLS	Arthralgia
		GI symptoms	Photosensitivity
		Vascular thrombosis	Raynaud's disease