Table 1.
| Variable c | Overall (n=1443) | Vaginal (n=561) | SCS-PMTCT (n=269) |
SCS-other (n=248) | NSCS (n=365) | P value d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal variables | ||||||
| Country of residence | ||||||
| Argentina | 349 (24.2) | 132 (37.8) | 52 (14.9) | 44 (12.6) | 121 (34.7) | <0.0001 |
| Bahamas | 41 (2.8) | 28 (68.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (17.1) | 6 (14.6) | |
| Brazil | 906 (62.8) | 369 (40.7) | 134 (14.8) | 195 (21.5) | 208 (23.0) | |
| Jamaica | 35 (2.4) | 28 (80.0) | 3 (8.6) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (8.6) | |
| Mexico | 42 (2.9) | 2 (4.8) | 24 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (38.1) | |
| Peru | 70 (4.9) | 2 (2.9) | 56 (80.0) | 1 (1.4) | 11 (15.7) | |
| Age, years | ||||||
| <20 | 86 (6.0) | 29 (33.7) | 23 (26.7) | 12 (14.0) | 22 (25.6) | 0.0014 |
| 20–29 | 791 (54.8) | 341 (43.1) | 149 (18.8) | 124 (15.7) | 177 (22.4) | |
| >29 | 566 (39.2) | 191 (33.7) | 97 (17.1) | 112 (19.8) | 166 (29.3) | |
| Education, years | ||||||
| 0–6 | 461 (31.9) | 213 (46.2) | 84 (18.2) | 64 (13.9) | 100 (21.7) | 0.0039 |
| 7–12 | 905 (62.7) | 324 (35.8) | 169 (18.7) | 171 (18.9) | 241 (26.6) | |
| ≥13 | 77 (5.3) | 24 (31.2) | 16 (20.8) | 13 (16.9) | 24 (31.2) | |
| Most complex ARV regimen used for ≥28 days during third trimester | ||||||
| No ARV for ≥28 days | 70 (4.9) | 14 (20.0) | 27 (38.6) | 5 (7.1) | 24 (34.3) | <0.0001 |
| 1 NRTI | 56 (3.9) | 23 (41.1) | 15 (26.8) | 5 (8.9) | 13 (23.2) | |
| 2 NRTIs | 77 (5.3) | 32 (41.6) | 14 (18.2) | 8 (10.4) | 23 (29.9) | |
| 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI | 393 (27.2) | 155 (39.4) | 69 (17.6) | 66 (16.8) | 103 (26.2) | |
| 2 NRTIs + 1 PI | 810 (56.1) | 330 (40.7) | 134 (16.5) | 158 (19.5) | 188 (23.2) | |
| Other | 37 (2.6) | 7 (18.9) | 10 (27.0) | 6 (16.2) | 14 (37.8) | |
| Reason for use of ARVs during pregnancy | ||||||
| Prophylaxis | 706 (50.6) | 310 (43.9) | 138 (19.5) | 106 (15.0) | 152 (21.5) | 0.0004 |
| Treatment | 689 (49.4) | 236 (34.3) | 122 (17.7) | 133 (19.3) | 198 (28.7) | |
| Data missing | 48 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 15 | |
| Number of prior live births | ||||||
| 0 | 311 (21.6) | 104 (33.4) | 66 (21.2) | 43 (13.8) | 98 (31.5) | 0.03 |
| 1 | 454 (31.5) | 179 (39.4) | 88 (19.4) | 82 (18.1) | 105 (23.1) | |
| >1 | 678 (47.0) | 278 (41.0) | 115 (17.0) | 123 (18.1) | 162 (23.9) | |
| CD4 count at enrollment, cells/mm3 | ||||||
| <200 | 188 (13.2) | 54 (28.7) | 43 (22.9) | 40 (21.3) | 51 (27.1) | 0.01 |
| 200–499 | 723 (50.9) | 272 (37.6) | 131 (18.1) | 125 (17.3) | 195 (27.0) | |
| ≥ 500 | 509 (35.8) | 223 (43.8) | 91 (17.9) | 80 (15.7) | 115 (22.6) | |
| Data missing | 23 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 4 | |
| CD4% at enrollment | ||||||
| <14 | 99 (7.8) | 29 (29.3) | 20 (20.2) | 20 (20.2) | 30 (30.3) | 0.0028 |
| 14–28 | 554 (43.8) | 192 (34.7) | 114 (20.6) | 93 (16.8) | 155 (28.0) | |
| ≥29 | 612 (48.4) | 278 (45.4) | 111 (18.1) | 81 (13.2) | 142 (23.2) | |
| Data missing | 178 | 62 | 24 | 54 | 38 | |
| CD4 count at hospital discharge, cells/mm3 | ||||||
| <200 | 133 (10.1) | 40 (30.1) | 30 (22.6) | 21 (15.8) | 42 (31.6) | <0.0001 |
| 200–499 | 577 (43.6) | 170 (29.5) | 123 (21.3) | 115 (19.9) | 169 (29.3) | |
| ≥ 500 | 613 (46.3) | 287 (46.8) | 100 (16.3) | 100 (16.3) | 126 (20.6) | |
| Data missing | 120 | 64 | 16 | 12 | 28 | |
| CD4% at hospital discharge | ||||||
| <14 | 70 (5.7) | 23 (32.9) | 13 (18.6) | 15 (21.4) | 19 (27.1) | 0.02 |
| 14–28 | 457 (37.5) | 148 (32.4) | 106 (23.2) | 76 (16.6) | 127 (27.8) | |
| ≥ 29 | 693 (56.8) | 294 (42.4) | 123 (17.7) | 107 (15.4) | 169 (24.4) | |
| Data missing | 223 | 96 | 27 | 50 | 50 | |
| Plasma viral load at enrollment (copies/mL) | ||||||
| <1000 | 907 (63.8) | 393 (43.3) | 143 (15.8) | 168 (18.5) | 203 (22.4) | <0.0001 |
| 1000–9999 | 275 (19.4) | 84 (30.5) | 65 (23.6) | 38 (13.8) | 88 (32.0) | |
| ≥10 000 | 239 (16.8) | 78 (32.6) | 55 (23.0) | 38 (15.9) | 68 (28.5) | |
| Data missing | 22 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | |
| Plasma viral load at hospital discharge (copies/mL) | ||||||
| <1000 | 1127 (84.1) | 459 (40.7) | 177 (15.7) | 213 (18.9) | 278 (24.7) | <0.0001 |
| 1000–9999 | 133 (9.9) | 27 (20.3) | 49 (36.8) | 14 (10.5) | 43 (32.3) | |
| ≥10 000 | 80 (6.0) | 22 (27.5) | 31 (38.8) | 8 (10.0) | 19 (23.8) | |
| Data missing | 103 | 53 | 12 | 13 | 25 | |
| Infant variables | ||||||
| Preterm birth (<37 completed weeks of gestation) | ||||||
| Yes | 140 (9.7) | 35 (25.0) | 11 (7.9) | 36 (25.7) | 58 (41.4) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1303 (90.3) | 526 (40.4) | 258 (19.8) | 212 (16.3) | 307 (23.6) | |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | ||||||
| Yes | 144 (10.0) | 39 (27.1) | 12 (8.3) | 37 (25.7) | 56 (38.9) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1299 (90.0) | 522 (40.2) | 257 (19.8) | 211 (16.2) | 309 (23.8) | |
a
Values are given as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
b
There were no significant differences according to mode of delivery for the following variables (data not shown): number of people living in the household (P=0.18), gainful employment outside of the home (P=0.07), tobacco use during pregnancy (P=0.30), alcohol use during pregnancy (P=0.32), cocaine use during pregnancy (P=0.23), marijuana use during pregnancy (P=0.83), use of any antiretrovirals during pregnancy (P=0.19), number of prior stillbirths (P=0.51), CDC clinical disease stage at enrollment (P=0.11), CDC clinical disease stage at hospital discharge (P=0.20), and infant gender (P=0.38).
c
Missing data were excluded from all P value calculations.
d
P values are from Fisher exact test.