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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Nutr Food Sci. 2011 Nov 24;Suppl 2:001.

Figure 2. Alteration of multi-signaling pathways in Jurkat cells by wolfberry phytochemicals.

Figure 2

Cells were treated with wolfberry phytochemicals for 48 h. PBS was used as a control. Alteration of cell survival/apoptosis signaling pathways was determined by Western blotting. A. Wnt signaling: Inhibition of GSK-3β phosphorylation on Ser9 and accumulation of β-catenin. B. NFκB pathway: Inhibition of NFκB p65. C. PI3K/AKT pathway: Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation on Ser473 and Thr308. Total pixels of each protein band were used for graphing and statistic analysis, based on at least three independent Western blot experiment results. GAPDH and/or β-actin, loading controls. *: significance at p ≤ 0.05. pSer9-GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3 β phosphorylation on Serine 9; Ser9-GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3 β; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.