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. 2012 Jul 1;215(13):2203–2209. doi: 10.1242/jeb.067215

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© 2012.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly cited and all further distributions of the work or adaptation are subject to the same Creative Commons License terms.

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Fig. 1. — Helicoverpa zea male orientation at take-off when exposed to different female pheromone compounds. Each point represents a single individual and arrows indicate the preferred direction (Rayleigh test). S indicates the position of the odor source. Treatments are as follows: attractive, Z11-16:Ald + Z9-16:Ald; primary component, Z11-16:Ald; non-attractive, Z11-16:Ald + Z9-16:Ald + Z11-16:OAc; secondary component, Z9-16:Ald; primary component + acetate, Z11-16:Ald + Z11-16:OAc; and blank, hexane. The averaged preferred take-off angles (a), Rayleigh vector lengths (r), z-statistics (z), sample sizes (n) and P-values are shown for each treatment.