Genetic variation of ADORA2A modulates the rebound of EEG delta oscillations (0.75-4.5 Hz) after sleep loss. Delta activity in baseline (circles) and recovery (triangles) nights across consecutive NREM sleep episodes was expressed as a percentage of the all-night value in baseline (NREM sleep stages 1-4, horizontal dashed line). Data represent means ± SEM in carriers of HT4 (black symbols, n = 14) and non-HT4 haplotype (gray symbols, n = 31) alleles of ADORA2A. Forty hours prolonged wakefulness induced a larger relative rebound in delta activity in HT4 haplotype than in non-HT4 haplotype (“haplotype” × “night” × “NREM sleep episode”: F6,125 = 68.95, P < 0.0001). *P < 0.02 (HT4 vs. non-HT4, unpaired 2-tailed t-test). Figure corresponds to supplementary Figure S3 in15 (re-plotted with permission).