Figure 2.

After a short delay (< 1 min), [lac] and [oxy] increase during waking and REM sleep and decrease during NREM sleep. Changes in [lac] (A) or [oxy] (B) during wake, NREM sleep, and REM sleep relative to the behavioral state onset (n = 10 rats each). Because of intrinsic variability in episode duration, data (mean ± standard error of the mean) presented here are shown to include all time points at which at least 15% of all episodes for that behavioral state can contribute. (C) Average cortical concentration of lactate, oxygen, and glutamate in 4-sec epochs for the first 3-min after wake or NREM sleep onset. Glutamate results were derived from data previously collected by Dash et al.¹⁸