Table 1.
Summary of family studies with MGUS and MM probands
| Reference | Study type | Population details | No. of probands | No. of relatives of probands | No. of affected relatives | Risk of MGUS or MM (95% CI)‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MGUS probands | ||||||
| Steingrímsdóttir et al11* | Registry-based family study | Iceland | 16 with either MGUS or MM (2 in each family) | 4370 total; 350 first-degree | 31 (22 identified by registry, 9 by screening) | |
| Landgren et al8 | Population-based case-control study | Sweden | 4458 (matched with 17 505 controls) | 14 621 (58 387 relatives of controls) | 22 MGUS/41 MM (vs 31 MGUS/57 MM in controls) | RR = 2.8 (1.4-5.6)/2.9 (1.9-4.3)§ |
| Vachon et al 9 | Population-based prevalence study | United States (Olmsted County, white) | 97 MGUS/232 MM | 247 MGUS relatives/664 MM relatives | 30 of MGUS cases/53 of MM cases | RR = 3.3 (2.1-4.8)/2.0 (1.4-2.8)§ |
| Jain et al12 | Family case study | United States (black) | 2 | 10† | 2 MM† | |
| Lynch et al13 | Family case study | United States (black) | 3 | 11 | 3 MGUS with abnormal FLC ratios; (5 MM previously identified) | |
| Multiple myeloma probands | ||||||
| Kristinsson et al14 | Registry-based case-control study | Sweden | 13 896 (matched with 54 365 controls) | 37 838 (151,068 relatives of controls) | 42 MGUS/94 MM | RR = 2.1 (1.5-3.1)/2.1 (1.6-2.9)§ |
| Hemminki et al15 | Family study | Sweden | 23 parents with MM (of 754 165 parents) | 23 familial cases (878 sporadic) in offspring | SIR = 3.33 (2.1-5.0)§ | |
| Brown et al6 | Case-control | United States (blacks and whites) | 565 (2104 controls) | OR = 3.7 (1.2-12.0)§ | ||
| Grosbois et al16 | Registry-based family study | 104 Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome centers | 15 | 25 | 15 | |
| Eriksson et al17 | Case-control | Sweden | 239 (220 matched controls) | NA | NA | RR = 2.36 (0.90-6.15)‖ |
| Bourguet et al7 | Case-control | Duke University Medical Center | 439 (1317 matched controls) | NA | 3 (4 in controls) | RR = 2.4 (1.4-4.0)§ |
SIR indicates standardized incidence ratio; and NA, not available.
*
Also included WM and MM myeloma cases in probands.
†
MGUS families only.
‡
Risk of MGUS listed, followed by risk of MM, if any given.
§
Risk of developing multiple myeloma.
‖
Risk of all hematologic malignancies.