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Expression of differentiation markers in embryoid bodies produced from embryonic stem cells (ESCs ) derived from blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenesis, or hand-made cloning (HMC). Endodermal markers: AFP, HNF4, and GATA4. Mesodermal markers: MSX-1, BMP-4, and ASA. Ectodermal markers: Cytokeratin and NF-68. Lane 1, 100-bp ladder; lane 2, IVF; lane 3, parthenogenetic; lane 4, HMC; lane 5, PCR −ve; lane 6, reverse transcriptase −ve.
