Figure 4. Mean ± SE of male body mass before and after manipulating males by adding color bands during adulthood.

Filled symbols indicate the color of the band that males were allocated and empty symbols refer to the measurement before color bands were added. (A) Males from the wild-type population (W ad), maintained in one large group containing 10 red-banded males (red symbols), 10 green-banded males (green) and 11 un-banded control males (grey); (B) males from the domesticated population (D ad), maintained in groups of two (one red-banded, one green-banded); (C) males from the domesticated population (D ad), changing from the group size of two (“before” shows the same data as the “after” in (B) but with different grouping of individuals) to groups of 10 or 11 males (with about equal numbers of red-banded and green-banded males).