Table 1.

Semen characteristics and DNA damage by TUNEL assay in various samples

Semen Characteristic	N	Fraction	Sperm count (Millions/ml)	Total motility (%)	Rapid Progressive (G3) motility (%)	Normal morphology (%)	TUNEL positive sperm (%)
Normozoospermia	11	Unprocessed	72.55 ± 11	61.09 ± 4.84	9.27 ± 3.24	39.91 ± 1.10	7.51 ± 2.29
		Swim Up	9.6 ± 1.46#	78.91 ± 3.95‡	32.45 ± 3.62†	33.73 ± 3.05	3.68 ± 0.94a
		Density Gradient	5.58 ± 0.89	79.09 ± 3.46‡	28.09 ± 3.55†	30.82 ± 0.77	3.08 ± 0.61a
		Swim up and Density Gradient	4.78 ± 0.74	73.09 ± 4.76‡‼	30.82 ± 3.44†	38.64 ± 1.36$	5.06 ± 1.61a
Oligozoospermia	20	Unprocessed	13.60 ± 0.84	39.5 ± 4.57	1.15 ± 0.55	16.55 ± 1.51	9.16 ± 2.03
		Swim Up	2.74 ± 0.23#	58.35 ± 3.36‡¥	16.20 ± 2.38†*	10.55 ± 1.47€	4.58 ± 1.43c
		Density Gradient	0.53 ± 0.17	49.35 ± 3.31‡	10.65 ± 2.32†	17.30 ± 0.86	3.73 ± 0.97c
		Swim up and Density Gradient	0.51 ± 0.18	54.15 ± 3.94‡	11.70 ± 2.08†	17.35 ± 1.16	5.61 ± 1.80 c
Teratozoospermia	20	Unprocessed	58.55 ± 6.16	45.70 ± 3.33	1.70 ± 0.85	17.10 ± 1.20	8.01 ± 1.39
		Swim Up	11.56 ± 2.25#	63.35 ± 5.28‡¥	19.85 ± 3.14†*	17.4 ± 1.79€	2.84 ± 0.86b
		Density Gradient	4.90 ± 0.83	54.80 ± 4.24‡	12.95 ± 3.34†	20.95 ± 1.75	3.64 ± 0.89c
		Swim up and Density Gradient	5.62 ± 1.03	54.70 ± 4.58‡	16.20 ± 3.33†	23.10 ± 1.83	3.61 ± 0.97 c

#P < 0.001 compared to Density Gradient, Swim-up and Density Gradient; ‡P < 0.05 compared to unprocessed; ‼P < 0.05 compared to Swim-up and Density Gradient; ¥P < 0.05 compared to Density Gradient, Swim-up and Density Gradient; †P < 0.001 compared to unprocessed; *P < 0.05 compared to Density Gradient, Swim-up and Density Gradient; $P < 0.01 compared to Density Gradient; Swim-up

€P < 0.001 compared to Density Gradient; Swim-up and Density Gradient; aP < 0.05 compared to unprocessed; bP < 0.01 compared to unprocessed; cP < 0.001 compared to unprocessed