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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2012 Apr 4;107(7):1330–1338. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03822.x

Table 4.

Parameter estimates from GEE models of individual-level elasticity (α) and peak consumption (Q0) estimates by menthol status and CPT for menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes, controlling for participant demographics. Bolded values are statistically significant.

α Q0
B SE p B SE p
Intercept −2.47 0.47 <.001 2.64 0.12 <.001
Menthol Smoker 0.55 0.30 0.066 −0.06 0.08 0.493
Nonmenthol Smoker REF REF
Menthol CPT 0.41 0.21 0.046 −0.13 0.04 0.002
Nonmenthol CPT REF REF
Smoker * CPT −0.81 0.25 0.001 0.24 0.07 0.001
Age 14–17 −0.60 0.52 0.24 0.03 0.14 0.824
Age 18–25 −0.09 0.36 0.795 0.12 0.08 0.147
Age 26+ REF REF
NH White 0.06 0.40 0.891 0.18 0.11 0.107
NH Black −0.46 0.63 0.464 0.23 0.34 0.514
Other REF REF
Male −0.40 0.34 0.240 −0.01 0.08 0.892
Female REF REF
CPD 0–10 1.40 0.31 <.001 −0.75 0.08 <.001
CPD 11+ REF REF

NOTE:

Cases with poor model fit to exponential demand (R2 < 0.30) or with elasticity or peak consumption estimates > 3SD above sample mean were excluded from analysis.

Parameters derived from exponential demand equation logQ = logQ0 + k(e−αPs − 1), where α is the rate of change in demand (elasticity), Q0 is peak consumption (at price 0), Ps is price (normalized to Q0), and k is a constant (1.825).

Larger values of α indicate more elastic demand