Table 2.
Age-adjusted mean scores (SE) of the SF-36 components summaries by gender and selected correlates: WHS
| Variable | N | Mean (SE)** | P | Mean (SE)** | P | N | Mean (SE)** | P | Mean (SE)** | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 4,643) | Women (n = 1,829) | |||||||||
| Physical | Mental | Physical | Mental | |||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| ≤50 | 973 | 53.1 (0.22) | <0.001 | 48.7 (0.28) | 0.001 | 346 | 51.5 (0.51) | <0.001 | 46.5 (0.55) | <0.001 |
| 51–60 | 2,301 | 52.2 (0.15) | 51.3 (0.18) | 864 | 49.2 (0.33) | 49.2 (0.35) | ||||
| >60 | 1,263 | 50.7 (0.20) | 54.4 (0.25) | 619 | 47.4 (0.39) | 52.5 (0.42) | ||||
| Sleep (h) | ||||||||||
| <6 | 285 | 49.4 (0.41) | <0.001 | 46.6 (0.51) | 0.001 | 177 | 45.9 (0.70) | 0.001 | 43.7 (0.74) | 0.001 |
| 6–8 | 4,200 | 52.2 (0.11) | 52.0 (0.13) | 1,533 | 49.5 (0.24) | 50.4 (0.25) | ||||
| >8 | 52 | 50.5 (0.97) | 50.8 (1.20) | 37 | 45.3 (1.54) | 49.1 (1.63) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 3,831 | 52.0 (0.11) | 0.91 | 52.1 (0.14) | 0.001 | 1,074 | 48.8 (0.29) | 0.22 | 50.6 (0.31) | <0.001 |
| Not married | 675 | 52.0 (0.27) | 49.3 (0.34) | 660 | 49.4 (0.38) | 48.8 (0.40) | ||||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||||
| Lowest | 202 | 51.5 (0.52) | 0.011 | 48.2 (0.64) | <0.001 | 534 | 48.8 (0.44) | 0.005 | 49.6 (0.47) | 0.045 |
| Medium | 2,335 | 52.3 (0.14) | 51.4 (0.20) | 403 | 48.6 (0.32) | 49.4 (0.35) | ||||
| Highest | 1,885 | 51.6 (0.16) | 52.0 (0.17) | 875 | 50.4 (0.48) | 50.9 (0.52) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| <25 | 1,490 | 52.7 (0.18) | <0.001 | 51.6 (0.23) | 0.54 | 657 | 50.9 (0.36) | <0.001 | 48.9 (0.41) | 0.17 |
| 25–29.9 | 1,698 | 52.2 (0.16) | 51.7 (0.21) | 485 | 49.4 (0.42) | 49.9 (0.48) | ||||
| ≥30 | 431 | 49.6 (0.33) | 51.2 (0.42) | 260 | 46.0 (0.57) | 50.1 (0.65) | ||||
| Waist (tertile) | ||||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 638 | 53.1 (0.27) | <0.001 | 51.9 (0.34) | 0.41 | 872 | 50.5 (0.31) | <0.001 | 49.1 (0.36) | 0.39 |
| 2 | 1,264 | 52.6 (0.19) | 51.6 (0.25) | 250 | 48.3 (0.58) | 49.3 (0.66) | ||||
| 3 (highest) | 1,313 | 50.9 (0.19) | 51.3 (0.24) | 184 | 46.1 (0.68) | 50.3 (0.78) | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Non-current smoker | 4,205 | 52.1 (0.11) | <0.001 | 51.6 (0.14) | 0.74 | 1,558 | 49.2 (0.24) | 0.08 | 50.1 (0.26) | 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 426 | 50.4 (0.34) | 51.5 (0.43) | 262 | 48.1 (0.60) | 47.8 (0.64) | ||||
| Drinking status | ||||||||||
| Non-current drinker | 465 | 51.1 (0.33) | 0.022 | 50.5 (0.41) | 0.016 | 432 | 46.5 (0.47) | <0.001 | 49.5 (0.51) | 0.14 |
| Low | 1,900 | 52.1 (0.16) | 51.7 (0.41) | 983 | 49.4 (0.30) | 50.2 (0.33) | ||||
| High | 2,245 | 52.0 (0.15) | 51.8 (0.19) | 384 | 51.1 (0.48) | 49.1 (0.52) | ||||
| Physical activity | ||||||||||
| High | 2,255 | 52.6 (0.15) | <0.001 | 52.1 (0.19) | 0.001 | 598 | 50.6 (0.39) | <0.001 | 50.6 (0.42) | 0.014 |
| Low | 2,388 | 51.4 (0.14) | 51.2 (0.18) | 1,231 | 48.3 (0.27) | 49.4 (0.29) | ||||
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||||||
| No | 4,041 | 52.1 (0.11) | 0.016 | 53.1 (0.12) | <0.001 | 1,548 | 49.4 (0.24) | 0.002 | 51.8 (0.23) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 539 | 51.3 (0.31) | 40.0 (0.34) | 251 | 47.4 (0.61) | 37.3 (0.56) | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||||
| No | 3,000 | 52.3 (0.13) | <0.001 | 51.8 (0.16) | 0.013 | 1,159 | 49.8 (0.28) | <0.001 | 49.2 (0.31) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 1,265 | 51.1 (0.20) | 51.1 (0.25) | 453 | 47.9 (0.46) | 51.2 (0.50) | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||||||||
| No | 4,058 | 52.1 (0.11) | <0.001 | 51.7 (0.14) | 0.17 | 1,519 | 49.6 (0.24) | 0.48 | 49.7 (0.27) | 0.92 |
| Yes | 117 | 48.6 (0.65) | 50.5 (0.82) | 28 | 48.3 (1.78) | 49.9 (1.99) | ||||
| Cardiovascular dis. | ||||||||||
| No | 3,931 | 52.4 (0.11) | <0.001 | 51.8 (0.14) | <0.001 | 1,531 | 49.6 (0.25) | <0.001 | 49.7 (0.27) | 0.33 |
| Yes | 704 | 49.6 (0.27) | 50.4 (0.34) | 295 | 46.0 (0.57) | 50.3 (0.61) | ||||
Estimated marginal means adjusted for age
** Higher scores indicate better health and functioning (except for sleep). P value indicates the significant linear trend (P ≤ 0.05)