Table 3.

Gpdh evolution in fruit flies

Comparison	My	Amino acid replacements		Nucleotide substitutions
		x̄	Rate	x̄	Rate
1. Drosophila subgenera	55 ± 10	1.2 ± 0.0	1.1	15.8 ± 0.2	14.2
2. Drosophila–Chymomyza	60 ± 10	3.0 ± 0.1	2.7	20.3 ± 0.2	16.9
3. Drosophilidae–Ceratitis	100 ± 20	9.4 ± 0.1	4.7	27.7 ± 0.2	13.8

The Drosophila species compared include the 5 listed in Table 1 plus 18 additional species (see refs. 14 and 15). The genus Scaptodrosophila is included in the comparisons made in row 1. Replacements are corrected according to ref. 21; nucleotide substitutions are estimated according to ref. 22. The ± values are crude estimates of error for My, but are standard deviations for replacements and substitutions. x̄ values are per 100 residues for differences between species; the rates are lineage values and are expressed in units of 10⁻¹⁰ per site per year.