Table 9.
Rates of evolution of GPDH and SOD and estimates of divergence time derived from the Drosophila rate
| Taxa compared | Rate of
evolution
|
Normalized rate
|
Clock
estimates, My
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPDH | SOD | GPDH | SOD | GPDH | SOD | |
| 1. Drosophila subgenera | 1.1 | 16.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 55 | 55 |
| 2. Mammalian orders | 5.3 | 17.2 | 4.8 | 1.1 | 340 | 74 |
| 3. Dipteran families | 4.7 | 15.9 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 470 | 98 |
| 4. Animal phyla | 4.2 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 0.33 | 2,500 | 211 |
| 5. Kingdoms | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.20 | 3,990 | 224 |
The rate of evolution is in units of 10−10 amino acid replacements per site per year. The normalized rate is relative to the rate between the Drosophila subgenera. The clock estimates of time divergence use the average amino acid replacements between the particular organisms and assume that they are evolving as a molecular clock that ticks at the Drosophila rate.