Table 2.

Karyogamy genes in S. cerevisiae and C. neoformans serotypes A and D

Function	Karyogamy gene in:				Description
	S. cerevisiae	C. neoformans
		Designation	Serotype A	Serotype D
Nuclear congression	KAR1	None	None	None	Kar1 protein localizes to the half-bridge of the spindle pole body
	KAR3	CnKAR3	CNAG_05752	CNF02260	Kar3 is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that localizes to the spindle pole body.
	KAR4	CnKAR4	CNAG_04487	CNI00070	Kar4 is a transcription factor required for gene regulation in response to pheromones, and expression of KAR3 and CIK1.
	KAR9	None	None	None	Kar9 is a karyogamy protein required for correct positioning of the mitotic spindle.
Nuclear membrane fusion	KAR2	CnKAR2	CNAG_06443	CNN01680	Kar2 is an ATPase involved in protein import into the ER and functions as a chaperone to mediate protein folding in the ER.
	KAR5	None	None	None	The Kar5 protein is required for nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy and is regulated by pheromone.
	KAR7	CnKAR7	CNAG_01647	CNC01600	Kar7 or Sec66 is a nonessential subunit of the Sec63 complex (Sec63p, Sec62p, Sec66p, and Sec72p) and together with the Sec61 complex, Kar2p/BiP, and Lhs1p forms a channel competent for SRP-dependent protein translocation.
	KAR8	CnKAR8	CNAG_01347	CND04620	Kar8 or Jem1 is a DnaJ-like chaperone required for nuclear membrane fusion during mating; a null mutant is viable.