Fig 3.

Stimulation of immortalized A. stephensi cells with human insulin results in sustained FOXO, but not ERK, phosphorylation. Cell lysates from ASE cells treated with 100 μg of LPS/ml, 1.7 μM human insulin, or LPS+insulin were collected at the indicated time points after treatment, and the levels of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and FOXO (pFOXO) were determined by Western blotting. The graphs represent the average fold change ± the SEM of phospho-specific protein levels normalized to untreated controls (n = 4). The dashed line represents phospho-specific protein levels in untreated controls. GAPDH provided an assessment of protein loading. Pairwise comparisons of treatments versus controls at each time point were analyzed by using the Student t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.10).