Fig 5.

Effect of immunization on the number of P. berghei skin EEFs. Mice were immunized with irradiated sporozoites (black circles) or not immunized (open circles), and the number of skin EEFs after challenge with 15 infected mosquito bites was determined at the indicated time points. Each circle represents the total number of EEFs observed in one ear. For each time point, a significant statistical difference was observed between the numbers of EEFs in the immunized and corresponding control groups. Mann-Whitney test, **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. For each time point, at least 6 ears were examined per group. The experiment was performed twice with similar results.