Primaquine (PQ) has no residual effect on blood stages. (A) Time line showing time points for primaquine dosing, infected-erythrocyte (iRBC) injection, and monitoring by blood smears. (B and C) Mice were treated with primaquine and, 24 h after the last dose, inoculated with 1,000 erythrocytes infected with either P. berghei (B) or P. yoelii (C). Parasitemias were monitored by Giemsa-stained blood smears. There were 5 mice per group, and the mean parasitemia ± SD is shown for each day.