Fig 5.
Impact of ACT on the early chemokine/cytokine response to infection. (A) Bacterial burden in mouse lungs at labeled times p.i., in hours. Each point represents the number of CFU recovered from the right lung of a single animal. Horizontal black lines show the mean for each group. (B) Histological sections (H&E stained) taken from the left lungs at 72 h p.i. at magnifications of ×2 (inset) and ×40. Photographs are representative samples of each population. (C) Chemokine and cytokine production after infection with wild-type strain RB50 and the ΔcyaA strain RB515, ΔfhaB ΔcyaA strain RB516, or PBS (control). Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, KC, MIP-1α, MIP-2, and MCP-1 (pg/ml) present in mouse lungs at 3, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postinoculation of 5.5 × 105 CFU of B. bronchiseptica strains were measured with a Multiplex immunoassay. The lower limit of detection for all samples was 3.2 pg/ml. Statistics are calculated as significant variation from wild type and where black bars indicate (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001).