Table 3.

Published reports of antimicrobial resistance rates in C. difficile^a

Yr isolated, location	No.	% resistant to:				AST method(s) used	Most common ribotypes	% that were PCR ribotype:			Reference
		Mox	Clinda	Met	Rif			027	078	017
2008–2009, U.S. and Canada	316	38	41	0	8	Etest	027, 106, 002	25	4	4	This study
2001–2009, Taiwan	113	16	46	0		Agar dilution	NA	0	0		21
2002–2004, Germany	317	40	65	0		Etest	NA				30
2004, Quebec, Canada	258	82	15	0	0	Agar dilution	NAb	69			7
2004–2006, Poland (hospital 1)	153	39	54	0		Etest	NA				28
2004–2006, Poland (hospital 2)	177	38	48	0		Etest	NA				28
2005, 14 EU countries	349	38	46	0		Etest	001, 014, 027	6	∼2	5	3
2005, Scotland	116	87	63	0		Agar dilution	001, 106	0	0	0	24
2006–2007, Austria	142	38	57	1c		Etest	AI-5,d 014, 053	1	0		16
2007–2009, Scotland	1613	64	97	0		Agar dilution	106, 001, 027	13	3	0	33
2008, Sweden	585	20	16	0		Disk diffusion and Etest	012, SE37,d 017	<1	∼4		1
2009, Sweden	364	16	16	0		Disk diffusion and Etest	SE21,d 001, 020	0	∼5		1
2009, Ireland	133	57	22			Etest	027, 001, 106	19	11		31
2009, New Zealand	101	2	61	0		Agar dilution	014, 002, 005	0	1		29
2009, Shanghai, China	75	45	85	0	17	Agar dilution	017, 012, A	0	0	19	14
2009, Stockholm, Sweden	80	15	65	0	4	Agar dilution	005, 014, 023	0	0		14

^aMox, moxifloxacin; Clinda, clindamycin; Met, metronidazole; Rif, rifampin; AST, antimicrobial susceptibility testing method; NA, not available.

^bThese are primarily isolates of pulsed-field types NAP1 and NAP2.

^cIsolate reverted to metronidazole susceptibility after storage.

^dAI-5, SE21, and SE37 are locally defined strain types.