Fig 3.

Effects of rilpivirine on the release of adipokines and cytokines by human adipocytes in culture. Human preadipocytes were differentiated in culture in the presence of the indicated concentrations of drugs. Values represent concentrations of adipokines and cytokines in the cell culture medium from the last 5 days of culture and are presented as means ± SEMs from 4 to 5 independent experiments expressed relative to values from untreated control cells (defined as 1). Mean values of cytokines and adipokines in the medium from control (untreated) cells were as follows: adiponectin, 0.24 ± 0.3 μg/ml; leptin, 9.0 ± 0.8 ng/ml; MCP-1, 3.2 ± 0.4 ng/ml; IL-6, 66 ± 9 pg/ml; IL-8, 29 ± 4 pg/ml; PAI-1, 0.41 ± 0.06 ng/ml; HGF, 85 ± 10 pg/ml; NGF, 8.1 ± 1.1 pg/ml. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001 for each drug treatment versus control. #, P < 0.05 for rilpivirine versus efavirenz treatment at the same concentration.