Table 3.

Adjusted Odds Ratios^a for Low (Score <70) Verbal (VIQ) and Performance (PIQ) Intelligence Quotient Scores (Reference Category: ≥70) and Adjusted Linear Regression Coefficients^a for VIQ and PIQ as Continuous Variables at Age 5 Years in Relation to Umbilical Cord Serum Log Cytokine Concentrations (pg/mL) (n = 369), Infant Growth Project, Jefferson County, Alabama, 1985–1988

Cytokine	VIQ Score <70		PIQ Score <70		VIQ (Continuous)		PIQ (Continuous)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Interferon-γ	1.03	0.74, 1.44	0.67*	0.46, 0.98	0.43	−0.81, 1.67	0.79	−0.68, 2.26
Tumor necrosis factor-α	0.97	0.50, 1.86	0.81	0.41, 1.60	0.66	−1.76, 3.09	−0.53	−3.41, 2.34
Interleukin-12p70	0.73	0.38, 1.37	0.43*	0.21, 0.87	1.59	−0.70, 3.88	1.93	−0.77, 4.64
Interleukin-10	0.85	0.55, 1.31	0.90	0.59, 1.40	0.87	−0.63, 2.37	0.39	−1.39, 2.18
Interleukin-4	0.95	0.68, 1.32	0.71	0.49, 1.02	0.60	−0.61, 1.82	1.34	−0.08, 2.76

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PIQ, performance intelligence quotient; VIQ, verbal intelligence quotient.

* P < 0.05 (logistic regression; reference category: ≥70).

^aAdjusted for birth weight, gender, and race/ethnicity; VIQ results were additionally adjusted for smoking during pregnancy (any).