Table 4.

Adjusted Odds Ratios^a for Low (Score <70) Verbal and Performance Intelligence Quotient Scores (Reference Category: ≥70) at Age 5 Years in Relation to Umbilical Cord Serum Log Cytokine Concentrations, by Preterm Birth Status (n = 369), Infant Growth Project, Jefferson County, Alabama, 1985–1988

Cytokine	Preterm Birth (n = 72)				Term Birth (n = 297)
	VIQ Score <70		PIQ Score <70		VIQ Score <70		PIQ Score <70
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Interferon-γ	1.08	0.51, 2.28	0.66	0.21, 2.12	1.04	0.71, 1.52	0.72	0.47, 1.09
Tumor necrosis factor-α	0.11*	0.01, 0.94	0.05	0.001, 2.43	1.32	0.65, 2.66	1.09	0.55, 2.18
Interleukin-12p70	0.49	0.12, 2.04	0.84	0.10, 7.43	0.82	0.40, 1.66	0.43*	0.20, 0.94
Interleukin-10	0.53	0.18, 1.59	1.45	0.38, 5.54	0.94	0.60, 1.49	0.92	0.59, 1.44
Interleukin-4	0.91	0.40, 2.09	0.90	0.24, 3.27	0.96	0.67, 1.37	0.72	0.49, 1.06

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PIQ, performance intelligence quotient; VIQ, verbal intelligence quotient.

* P < 0.05 (logistic regression; reference category: ≥70).

^aAdjusted for birth weight, gender, and race/ethnicity; VIQ results were additionally adjusted for smoking during pregnancy (any).