Table 5.

Adjusted Odds Ratios^a for Low (Score <70) Verbal and Performance Intelligence Quotient Scores (Reference Category: ≥70) at Age 5 Years in Relation to Umbilical Cord Serum Log Cytokine Concentrations, by Small-for-Gestational-Age Status (n = 369), Infant Growth Project, Jefferson County, Alabama, 1985–1988

Cytokine	SGA Birth (n = 75)				Non-SGA Birth (n = 294)
	VIQ Score <70		PIQ Score <70		VIQ Score <70		PIQ Score <70
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Interferon-γ	0.90	0.46, 1.73	0.65	0.32, 1.31	1.13	0.75, 1.69	0.73	0.46, 1.17
Tumor necrosis factor-α	3.96*b	0.99, 15.9	2.22	0.69, 7.12	0.53	0.23, 1.23	0.52	0.22, 1.23
Interleukin-12p70	1.10	0.36, 3.40	0.78	0.25, 2.41	0.62	0.28, 1.36	0.32*	0.13, 0.82
Interleukin-10	1.23	0.68, 2.22	1.22	0.68, 2.18	0.66	0.35, 1.23	0.75	0.40, 1.42
Interleukin-4	1.00	0.48, 2.07	0.92	0.45, 1.86	0.96	0.65, 1.41	0.67	0.43, 1.05

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PIQ, performance intelligence quotient; VIQ, verbal intelligence quotient.

* P < 0.05 (logistic regression; reference category: ≥70).

^aAdjusted for birth weight, gender, and race/ethnicity; VIQ results were additionally adjusted for smoking during pregnancy (any).

^bBorderline-significant (P = 0.052).