Table 3.

Determinants of waist-for-height ratio Z-score for adolescents aged 10–20 years (n 1848) and central obesity^* for adolescents in Tanner stages 3–5 (n 1110), Agincourt sub-district, rural South Africa, 2007

	Waist-for-height ratio Z-score†			Central obesity‡
	Coefficient	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
CHILD CHARACTERISTICS
Age	−0·16	−0·03, 0·00	0·062	1·10	1·00, 1·21	0·041
Sex
Boy (ref.)	0			1·00	–
Girl	−0·04	−0·13, 0·06	0·447	7·19	3·65, 14·15	<0·001
Pubertal status
Pre-pubertal§	0
Pubertal||	0·06	−0·09, 0·20	0·448	1·00	–
Post-pubertal	0·44	0·22, 0·66	<0·001	2·87	1·79, 4·61	<0·001
MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS
Age (years)
35–49 (ref.)				1·00	–
15–34				1·88	0·88, 3·98	0·101
50+				1·75	1·09, 2·82	0·020
Nationality
South African (ref.)	0			1·00	–
Mozambican	−0·06	−0·17, 0·05	0·275	0·87	0·50, 1·49	0·603
HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
Sex of HHH
Male (ref.)
Female
Education of HHH
No education (ref.)
Some education below secondary level
Completed secondary/tertiary
Food security
Yes (ref.)	0			1·00	–
No	0·12	0·00, 0·24	0·046	1·69	0·90, 3·18	0·103
SES (wealth index tertile)
Lowest (ref.)	0			1·00	–
Medium	0·08	−0·03, 0·19	0·163	1·27	0·73, 2·22	0·399
Highest	0·13	0·01, 0·25	0·031	1·90	1·10, 3·30	0·021
COMMUNITY FACTORS
Area of residence
Predominantly South African (ref.)
Predominantly Mozambican

HHH, household head; ref., reference category.

^*Waist-to-height ratio of >0·5⁽²⁴⁾.

^†Linear regression.

^‡Logistic regression.

^§Pre-pubertal used as reference in the model for central obesity and waist-for-height Z-score for adolescents aged 10–20 years.

^||Pubertal used as reference in the model for central obesity for adolescents in Tanner stages 3–5.