Table 5. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) for pairs of KIR genes in HIV-1 negative and HIV-1 positive women, by placental malaria (PM) Status.

		KIR2DL2					KIR2DL3					KIR2DS2
		HIV+		HIV−		African*	HIV+		HIV−		African*	HIV+		HIV		African*
		PM−	PM+	PM−	PM+		PM−	PM+	PM−	PM+		PM−	PM+	PM−	PM+
KIR2DL1	D	−0.0130	−0.0160	−0.0280	–	−0.1900	0.0180	0.0290	0.0540	–	0.2100	−0.0150	−0.0100	−0.0330	–	−0.3400
	D′	−1.0000	−1.0000	−1.0000	–		0.7720	1.0000	1.0000	–		−1.0000	−0.5050	−1.0000	–
	p	0.0020	0.0830	0.0280	–	<0.0001	0.0001	0.0004	0.0001	–	<0.0001	0.0002	0.2990	0.0110	–	<0.0001
KIR2DL2	D						−0.0570	−0.1040	−0.0690	−0.0220	−0.2700	0.1930	0.1980	0.1910	0.1930	0.1600
	D′						−0.9550	−1.0000	−1.0000	−1.0000		0.9230	0.9540	0.8990	0.9570
	p						0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0200	<0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0100
KIR2DL3	D											−0.0540	−0.0870	−0.0820	−0.0260	−0.2800
	D′											−0.7710	−0.6950	−1.0000	−1.0000
	p											0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0050	<0.0001

Classical coefficient D measures deviation from random association between the gene pairs, and D′ is given by D with the maximum value it can have [54]. ‘–’ denotes D value not determined due to monomorphism in one gene. LD was significant at P<0.002. African* is linkage disequilibrium cited from a previous population study [49].