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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Mar 9;1819(7):743–756. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.02.021

Table 1. Non-exhaustive list of clinical studies using the γ-H2AX assay for radiation biodosimetry.

Studies are separated in 3 major groups: x-ray examination (top), computed tomography (middle) and radiotherapy (bottom). A study illustrating the use of γ-H2AX as a biomarker to study the impact of space radiation on human health was added in the last row. All studies described in Table 1 used microscopy (i.e, immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry) for γ-H2AX detection.

Procedure Sample Dose Study purpose Ref.
x-ray examination PBMCs 0.230 – 0.856 Gy cm(CT)
6.31–30.36 Gy.cm2(PTA)
DNA damage evaluation during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [123]
x-ray examination Oral cells 2-3 cGy Validation of γ-H2AX as a biomarker for low dose radiation exposure [64]
x-ray examination PBMCs 10-3170 cGy.cm2 DNA damage evaluation during pediatric cardiac catheterization [71]
x-ray examination PBMCs 337-29281 μGy.m2 DNA damage measured after angiographic procedure [70]
x-ray examination PBMCs 112-1025 Gy. cm DNA damage measured after coronary CT angiographic procedure [124]

CT PBMCs 157-1.514 mGy.cm Evaluation of DNA damage/repair during CT examinations [53]
CT PBMCs 5.16-13.85 mGy DNA damage measured after multi- detector row CT examinations [125]
CT PBMCs 200-1800 mGy.cm To compare the biological effects between helical and sequential coronary CTA as well as other CT parameters [72]
CT PBMCs 522 to 1102 mGy.cm (Blood dose 8–20.6mGy) To investigate the biological effects of different scanner settings [52]

Radiotherapy PBMCs 2-2.17 Gy(SD)
72-76 Gy (CD)
To compare the biological effects (DSBs) of 3D and SSIMRT irradiation protocols to treat prostate cancer. [69]
Radionuclide therapy PBMCs 0.17-0.57 Gy Measure of dose accumulation after administration of (131)I for thyroid remnant ablation [78]
Radiotherapy PBMCs 1.6-2 Gy per fraction Evaluation of DNA damage in different areas of the body after local radiotherapy; Estimation of the applied integral body dose [67, 88]
Radiotherapy Skin 0.05-1 Gy To evaluate the low-dose hypersensitivity response in skin of patients undergoing radiotherapy [126]
Radiotherapy Skin ~1 Gy Evaluation of DNA damage induction in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy [48]
Radiotherapy Glioma cells from cerebrospinal fluid 24-30Gy (CD) Evaluate radiotherapy-induced DNA damage induction in glioma cells collected in cerebrospinal fluid CSF cytological specimens [127]

Space radiation lymphoblastoid cells 0.7 mSv per day Evaluate the DNA damage induced by space radiation [128]

Abbreviations: FC, flow cytometry; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; SD, single dose; CD, cumulated doses; CT, computed tomography; CTA, computed tomography angiography; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; 3D, three dimensional conformal; SSIMRT, step-and-shoot-intensity modulated radiotherapy. PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

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