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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Mar 9;1819(7):743–756. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.02.021

Table 3.

Non-exhaustive list of clinical studies using γ-H2AX for diagnostics

Samples Details of diagnostics IR protocol Assay Refs.
RADIATION TOXICITY
Lymphoblastoid cells Use of γ-H2AX to discriminate cells from individuals carrying the ATM mutation 0.1Gy/h - 24 h M [134]
G0 T cells T cells from AT and NBS patients show impaired elimination of radiation-induced DSBs 0.5-2Gy at 2Gy/min FC [135]
G1 Skin fibroblasts Use of γ-H2AX to show radiation hypersensitivity in cells from parents of RB patients screened as well as in 6 of 15 from apparently normal individuals 0.5 – 1.0 Gy at 250 cGy/min or 10 cGy/h for 24 h M [136]
T-and lymphoblastoid cells/PBMCs Confirmation of radiosensitive A-T patients 2 Gy M [137, 138]
PBMCs Use of γ-H2AX to predict tissue toxicity (mucositis) in patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy 2 Gy (SD)
60–66 Gy (CD)
FC [139]
G1 Skin fibroblasts Use of γ-H2AX to show that cells from Fanconi anemia patients display a significant delay hi the repair of radiation-induced DSBs 1 Gy (0.45 Gy/min) M [140]
Fibroblasts Confirmation of a novel splice variant of the DNA-PKcs gene associated with radiosensitivity 2Gy M [141]
PBMCs Use of γ-H2AX to identify children at risk for radiation toxicity 1–2 Gy (1 Gy/min) M [142]
Lymphoblast cell lines The identification of a patient with a DNA repair defect during a screening for radiosensitivity 1, 2, 4 Gy (0.62 Gy/min) M [86]
PBMCs Use of γ-H2AX to predict excessive normal tissue toxicity in radiotherapy patients 2 Gy FC [88]
Blood samples γ-H2AX as a molecular predictor of prostate cancer radiosensitivity N/A N/A NCT00523471 (#)
OTHER DIAGNOSIS
Samples Details of diagnostics Assay Refs.
Tumor biopsies γ-H2AX as a potential cancer biomarker M [90]
Tumor biopsies Diagnosis for metastatic renal cell carcinoma M [92, 143]

Colon biopsies Increased DNA damage in colon of ulcerative colitis patients M [99]

Melanomas Evaluation of the γ-H2AX assay as a marker for melauocytic lesions M [91]

Bladder urothelial carcinoma Use of γ-H2AX to predict cancer recurrence and/or progression M [144]

PBMCs Increased DNA damage and cell death in lymphocytes from patients with occult HBV infections N/A [104]

Immortalized lymphoblasts Increased basal DNA damage in cells from individuals with schizophrenia FC [106]

Lung tissue (alveolar wall cells) Increased DNA damage levels in lungs of advanced COPD patients M [100]

Malignant plasma cells DNA damage escalation during the development of multiple myeloma M [95]

Fibroblast, T cells Increased γ-H2AX in lymphocytes and fibroblasts of dyskeratosis congenital patients M, FC [102]

PBMCs Increased DNA damage in lymphocytes from obese and overweight children M [101]

Curettage specimens of endometrial cancer Use of γ-H2AX as an additional histopathological prognostic parameter in patients with endometrial cancer M [145]

Squamous epithelia of the uterine cervix Use of γ-H2AX as a cancer biomarker in patients with cervix cancer M [146]

N/A Use of γ-H2AX as a biomarker in women undergoing IVF Treatment N/A NCT00685282 (#)

Abbreviations: M: microscopy (immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry); FC: flow cytometry; N/A: not applicable; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SD, single dose; CD, cumulated doses; (#): ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

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