Table 1.

Summary of studies included in this systematic review

Author(s)	City of institution	Year	Study design	Participants, n	LC	OC	Level of evidencea
Angrisani et al.27	Naples	1997	RCS	31	31	0	4
Bende & Csiszar13	Budapest	1997	RCS	27	27	0	4
Bessa et al.28	Alexandria	2011	PCS	20	20	0	4
Bingener et al.65	San Antonio, TX	2008	RCS	99	99	0	4
Clark et al.64	Sydney, NSW	2001	RCS	25	25	0	4
Cobb et al.63	Charlotte, NC	2005	RCS	22	22	0	4
Cucinotta et al.16	Messina	2003	RCS	22	22	0	4
Curro et al.62	Messina	2005	RCS	42	42	0	4
D'Albuquerque et al.61	São Paulo, SP	1995	RCS	12	12	0	4
da Silveira60	Stanford, CA	2006	RCS	33	24	9	4
Delis et al.59	Miami, FL	2010	RCS	220	220	0	4
Dunnington et al.58	Tucson, AZ	1987	RCS	22	0	22	4
El Nakeeb et al.57	Mansoura	2010	PCS	60	60	0	4
El-Awadi et al.56	Mansoura	2009	RCT	110	55	55	1b
Fernandes et al.55	San Antonio, TX	2000	RCS	48	48	0	4
Fontes et al.15	Porto Alegre, RS	2002	RCS	10	10	0	4
Friel et al.54	Boston, MA	1999	RCS	30	30	0	4
Garrison et al.7	Louisville, KY	1984	RCS	29	0	29	4
Gugenheim et al.53	Nice	1996	RCS	9	9	0	4
Hamad et al.52	Assiut	2010	RCT	30	15	15	1b
Hamid et al.51	Karachi	1993	RCS	18	0	18	4
Ishikawa et al.50	Osaka	1995	RCS	4	4	0	4
Jan & Chen49	Chang Gung	1997	RCS	21	21	0	4
Ji et al.48	Nanjing	2004	RCS	38	38	0	4
Ji et al.47	Nanjing	2005	RCT	80	42	38	1b
Kogut et al.46	New York, NY	1985	RCS	27	0	27	4
Lacy et al.45	Barcelona	1995	RCS	11	11	0	4
Leandros et al.44	Athens	2008	RCS	34	34	0	4
Leone et al.43	Turin	2001	RCS	24	24	0	4
Mancero et al.42	São Paulo, SP	2008	RCS	30	30	0	4
Morino et al.41	Turin	2000	RCS	33	33	0	4
Nguyen et al.40	Pittsburgh, PA	2011	RCS	68	68	0	4
Palanivelu et al.39	Tamilnadu	2006	RCS	265	265	0	4
Pavlidis et al.38	Thessaloniki	2009	RCS	38	38	0	4
Poggio et al.22	Rochester, MN	2000	RCC	36	24	12	3b
Saeki et al.37	Fukuoka	1997	RCC	13	7	6	3b
Schiff et al.36	Boston, MA	2005	RCS	31	27	4	4
Shaikh & Muneer35	Sindh	2009	RCS	20	20	0	4
Sleeman et al.34	Miami, FL	1998	RCS	25	25	0	4
Tuech et al.33	Angers	2002	RCS	26	26	0	4
Urban et al.32	Cleveland, OH	2001	RCS	15	15	0	4
Van Landingham31	Temple, TX	1984	RCS	7	ND	7	4
Yeh et al.30	Taoyuan	2002	RCS	226	226	0	4
Yerdel et al.29	Ankara	1997	PCC	14	7	7	3b

^aOxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level of evidence scale.

LC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy; OC, open cholecystectomy; RCS, retrospective case series; PCC, prospective case–control study; RCC, retrospective case–control study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; PCS, prospective case series; ND, no data.