Table 2.
Literature analysis regarding hepatectomy for liver metastases from gastric cancer
| Author(s) (year) | n | Period | Resection criteria | Resectability rate, % | S/M | TG/STG | Major/minor liver surgery | Solitary | Multiple uni-/bilobar | R1, % | Overall survival at 1, 3, 5 years | Longterm survivors, % (n) | Recurrence | Follow-up, months | Prognostic factors for poor survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ochiai et al. (1994)20 | 21 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 13/8 | NA | 14 | 7 | 0 | 19% | 19% (4) | Primary serosal invasion | ||||
| No carcinosis | Primary venous invasion | ||||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Primary lymphatic invasion | ||||||||||||||
| Miyazaki et al. (1997)25 | 21 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 11/10 | 5/16 | 7 | 14 | NA | 45%, 19%, 11% | 24% (5) | 76.1% | NA | Primary serosal invasion | ||
| No carcinosis | 11/3 | Primary venous invasion | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Primary lymphatic invasion | ||||||||||||||
| Surgical margin of <10 mm | |||||||||||||||
| Imamura et al. (2001)12 | 17 | 1990–1997 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 7/10 | NA | 6/11 | 8 | 9 | 18% | 47%, 22%, 0% | 0 | 76% | NA | Primary serosal invasion |
| No carcinosis | 4/5 | Primary venous invasion | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Primary lymphatic invasion | ||||||||||||||
| Primary lymphatic invasion | |||||||||||||||
| Extrahepatic disease | |||||||||||||||
| Ambiru et al. (2001)5 | 40 | 1975–1999 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 18/22 | 19/21 | 21/19 | 19 | 21 | 0 | 70%, 28%, 18% | 15% (6) | 75% | 88 | Resection margin of <10 mm |
| No carcinosis | 5/16 | Synchronous | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | |||||||||||||||
| Fujii et al. (2001)28 | 10 | 1979–1999 | NA | NA | 3/7 | 3/7 | 6/4 | 6 | 4 | NA | 60%, 20%, 20% | 10% (1) | 80% | 10–240 | DFI <1 year on metachronous |
| 2/2 | Diameter >5 cm | ||||||||||||||
| Absence of TILs | |||||||||||||||
| Zacherl et al. (2002)15 | 15 | 1980–1999 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 10/5 | 9/6 | 3/12 | 8 | 7 | 33 | 35.7%, 14.3%, 0% | 0 | 90% | NA | Primary site (proximal) |
| No carcinosis | 2/5 | Synchronous | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Multiple bilobar metastases | ||||||||||||||
| R1 resection | |||||||||||||||
| Saiura et al. (2002)24 | 10 | 1981–1998 | No extrahepatic lesions | 15.6% | 7/3 | NA | 6/4 | 5 | 5 | 40% | 65%, 38%, 20% | 20% (2) | 80% | 1–68 | Primary lymphatic invasion |
| ≤3 segments | 4/1 | ||||||||||||||
| Okano et al. (2002)18 | 19 | 1986–1999 | No extrahepatic lesions | 17% | 13/6 | NA | 7/12 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 77%, 34%, 34% | 14% (3) | 74% | NA | Multiple |
| No carcinosis | 2/7 | Synchronous | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Absence of pseudocapsule | ||||||||||||||
| Sakamoto et al. (2003)14 | 22 | 1985–2001 | No extrahepatic lesions | 8% | 12/10 | 10/12 | 3/19 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 73%, 38%, 38% | 20% (5) | 68% | NA | Multiple |
| No carcinosis | 1/5 | Bilobar | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Metastases >5 cm | ||||||||||||||
| Shirabe et al. (2003)21 | 36 | 1979–2001 | NA | NA | 16/20 | 17/19 | 10/16 | NA | NA | 0 | 64%, 43%, 26% | 11% (4) | 83.3% | NA | Lymphatic invasion |
| Venous invasion | |||||||||||||||
| Number of metastases | |||||||||||||||
| Koga et al. (2007)16 | 42 | 1985–2005 | No extrahepatic lesions | 17% | 20/22 | NA | 7/35 | 29 | 13 | 0 | 76%, 48%, 42% | 20% (8) | 67% | 1–86 | Multiple |
| No carcinosis | Serosal invasion | ||||||||||||||
| R0 resection | |||||||||||||||
| Sakamoto et al. (2007)23 | 37 | 1990–2005 | No extrahepatic lesions | 12% | 16/21 | 10/27 | 5/32 | 21 | 16 | 14% | 60%, 27%, 11% | 6% (2) | 81% | NA | Bilobar |
| R0 resection | 9/7 | Metastases >4 cm | |||||||||||||
| No carcinosis | |||||||||||||||
| Thelen et al. (2008)13 | 24 | 1988–2002 | No carcinosis | NA | 15/9 | NA | 8/16 | 13 | 11 | 25% | 38%, 16%, 10% | 8% (2) | 65% | 1–67 | Resection margin |
| R0 resection | 5/6 | ||||||||||||||
| Cheon et al. (2008)30 | 22 | 1995–2005 | No extrahepatic lesions | 7.5% | 18/4 | 7/15 | 3/19 | 18 | 4 | NA | 77%, 30.4%, 23% | 15% (3) | 63.6% | 1–106 | Multiple metastases |
| No carcinosis | 3/1 | ||||||||||||||
| R0 resection | |||||||||||||||
| Hepatic function | |||||||||||||||
| Nomura et al. (2009)26 | 17 | 1991–2005 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 9/8 | NA | 3/14 | NA | NA | 0 | 30.8% | 25% (4) | 70.5% | 1–117 | Presence of micrometastases |
| No carcinosis | |||||||||||||||
| ≤5 lesions | |||||||||||||||
| R0 resection | |||||||||||||||
| Tsujimoto et al. (2010)22 | 17 | 1980–2007 | No extrahepatic lesions | NA | 9/8 | NA | 6/11 | 13 | 4 | NA | 31% | 30% (5) | 70% | NA | Primary size >6 cm |
| No carcinosis | D2 resection | ||||||||||||||
| Unilobar | |||||||||||||||
| R0 resection | |||||||||||||||
| Present study (2010) | 21 | 1998–2007 | No extrahepatic lesions | 31% | 12/9 | 10/11 | 4/17 | 12 | 9 | 10% | 68%, 31%, 19% | 14.2% (3) | 66% | 6–90 | Multiple |
| No carcinosis | 4/5 | Resection margin positive | |||||||||||||
| R0 resection | Absence of pseudocapsule | ||||||||||||||
S, synchronous; M, metachronous; TG, total gastrectomy; STG, subtotal gastrectomy; NA, data not available; DFI, disease-free interval; TILs, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.