Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of training (n = 245) and test set (n = 264) populations
| Factor | Training set n = 245 | Test set n = 264 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age ≥65 | 137 (55.9) | 149 (56.4) | 0.929 |
| Male | 115 (46.9) | 134 (50.8) | 0.425 |
| Pre-operative DM | 78 (31.8) | 81 (30.7) | 0.848 |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 55 (22.4) | 53 (20.1) | 0.517 |
| ≥1 other comorbidity (cardiac, renal and pulmonary) | 61 (24.9) | 82 (31.1) | 0.139 |
| Type of resection | 0.091 | ||
| Whipple | 199 (81.2) | 190 (72.0) | |
| Whipple with portal or superior mesenteric vein resection | 21 (8.6) | 32 (12.1) | |
| Distal pancreatectomy | 20 (8.2) | 37 (14.0) | |
| Central pancreatectomy | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Subtotal pancreatectomy | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.1) | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 144 (58.8) | 141 (53.4) | 0.272 |
| Adjuvant radiotherapy | 82 (33.5) | 64 (24.2) | 0.073 |
| Peri-operative complication | 136 (55.5) | 152 (57.6) | 0.655 |
| Histological grade | 0.934 | ||
| Well-differentiated | 28 (11.4) | 30 (11.4) | |
| Moderately-differentiated | 141 (57.6) | 158 (59.8) | |
| Poorly differentiated/anaplastic | 72 (29.4) | 75 (28.4) | |
| R1 margin | 61 (24.9) | 66 (25.0) | 0.979 |
| Nodal ratio >0.1 | 110 (44.9) | 130 (49.2) | 0.373 |
| Tumour size ≥2 cm | 213 (86.9) | 229 (86.7) | 0.895 |
DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index.