Table 2.
Univariate analysis of explanatory variables of HRQOL scores† according to HCV chronic infection in 1286 rural Egyptians. Results are expressed in least-squares mean (CI95%) scores with adjustment for interviewer as a random effect in linear mixed models.
| Explanatory variable of HRQOL scores | Infected by HCV (n=146)
|
Uninfected controls (n=1140)
|
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= | Physical health summary score | p value | Mental health summary score | p value | VAS during the last month | p value | n= | Physical health summary score | p value | Mental health summary score | p value | VAS during the last month | p value | |
| Socio-demographic variables | ||||||||||||||
| Sex: | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 63 | 32.5 (24.9–40.1) | * | 45.3 (39.8–50.9) | ns | 62.2 (58.4–66.0) | ns | 694 | 45.8 (43.5–48.2) | ** | 48.6 (46.9–50.3) | * | 64.9 (63.8–66.2) | * |
| Male | 83 | 55.3 (48.4–62.3) | 54.9 (49.8–60.1) | 63.5 (60.0–67.1) | 446 | 65.2 (62.2–68.2) | 58.6 (56.4–60.8) | 71.5 (70.0–73.1) | ||||||
| Age: | ||||||||||||||
| >38 years old | 89 | 39.7 (33.4–46.0) | * | 48.1 (43.5–52.7) | * | 58.4 (55.6–61.2) | ** | 368 | 31.2 (28.4–34.0) | *** | 42.8 (40.5–44.9) | *** | 56.9 (55.5–58.2) | *** |
| 26 to 38 years old | 33 | 43.4 (30.7–56.1) | 50.3 (41.0–59.6) | 68.3 (62.8–73.8) | 397 | 56.3 (53.5–59.1) | 54.5 (52.3–56.7) | 69.4 (68.0–70.8) | ||||||
| <26 years old | 24 | 60.7 (47.0–74.3) | 63.6 (53.7–73.6) | 73.1 (67.1–79.0) | 375 | 70.6 (67.8–73.4) | 60.3 (58.1–62.5) | 76.1 (74.7–77.5) | ||||||
| Education: | ||||||||||||||
| Illiterate | 88 | 38.0 (31.9–44.2) | *** | 48.2 (43.7–52.8) | * | 59.4 (56.6–62.2) | ** | 687 | 44.3 (42.1–46.6) | *** | 48.9 (47.2–50.5) | ** | 64.1 (62.9–65.2) | *** |
| Read and write | 36 | 53.5 (41.0–66.0) | 54.8 (45.5–64.0) | 64.7 (58.9–70.3) | 174 | 59.9 (55.3–64.6) | 57.7 (54.3–61.2) | 69.0 (66.7–71.4) | ||||||
| Any education | 22 | 68.3 (52.8–83.8) | 61.7 (50.3–73.2) | 76.5 (69.5–83.6) | 279 | 71.0 (67.3–74.7) | 59.1 (56.4–61.8) | 75.5 (73.6–77.3) | ||||||
| Disease-related variables | ||||||||||||||
| Self-declared chronic disease: | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 42 | 23.4 (14.9–31.9) | ** | 37.4 (31.4–43.5) | ns | 54.3 (50.1–58.5) | * | 202 | 21.9 (17.6–26.1) | *** | 36.6 (33.4–39.8) | ** | 54.3 (52.1–56.5) | ** |
| No | 104 | 56.1 (50.1–62.1) | 55.7 (51.5–59.9) | 66.6 (63.6–69.5) | 938 | 60.3 (58.3–62.2) | 56.4 (54.9–57.8) | 70.3 (69.3–71.3) | ||||||
| Admission to hospital or clinic: | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 97 | 42.5 (36.2–48.8) | * | 51.3 (46.8–55.8) | ns | 62.0 (58.9–65.0) | ns | 605 | 47.8 (45.3–50.4) | ** | 48.8 (47.0–50.6) | *** | 64.3 (63.1–65.5) | * |
| No | 49 | 52.9 (43.1–63.7) | 51.1 (43.3–58.9) | 67.1 (61.9–72.3) | 535 | 59.0 (56.3–61.8) | 57.3 (55.3–59.2) | 71.3 (69.9–72.6) | ||||||
| Past history of transfusion: | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 18 | 18.9 (3.8–33.9) | *** | 30.0 (19.4–40.6) | *** | 52.8 (45.5–60.1) | *** | 61 | 38.5 (30.5–46.5) | * | 42.9 (37.3–48.6) | * | 59.9 (56.0–63.9) | * |
| No | 128 | 48.9 (43.5–54.3) | 54.1 (50.3–57.9) | 64.5 (61.9–67.1) | 1079 | 53.8 (51.9–55.8) | 53.3 (51.9–54.7) | 68.0 (67.0–68.9) | ||||||
| Parenteral antischistosomal therapy: | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 28 | 42.1 (28.5–55.7) | ns | 52.3 (42.5–62.0) | ns | 61.6 (55.1–68.1) | ns | 55 | 44.4 (36.0–52.7) | ns | 52.1 (46.1–58.0) | ns | 62.4 (58.2–66.5) | ns |
| No | 118 | 44.9 (38.8–51.0) | 51.8 (47.4–56.2) | 63.8 (60.9–66.8) | 1085 | 53.5 (51.6–55.5) | 52.8 (51.4–54.2) | 67.9 (66.9–68.8) | ||||||
†
SF-12 Physical and Mental health summary scores and VAS score range from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better HRQOL.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001;
ns: non significant;
CI95%: confidence interval at 95%.