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Fluence survival curves of bacterial spores exposed to extraterrestrial solar radiation during the EXPOSE-E mission (open circles, “trip to Mars” spores; open squares, “stay on Mars” spores). (A) B. subtilis 168 flight samples; (B) B. subtilis 168 MGR samples; (C) B. pumilus SAFR-032 flight samples; (D) B. pumilus SAFR-032 MGR samples. Data are expressed as averages and standard deviations; error bars for survival data that are not visible were smaller than the symbol.
