Table 1.
Characteristics* of Participants at Start of Run-in
| OVERALL | RANDOMIZED | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=927) | YES (N=704) | NO (N=223) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 13.7 (2.0) | 13.7 (2.0) | 13.9 (2.0) | 0.10 |
| Duration of diabetes (days) | <0.01 | |||
| 25th percentile | 22 | 20.5 | 31 | |
| 50th percentile | 63 | 56.5 | 86 | |
| 75th percentile | 203 | 182.5 | 286 | |
| Gender female | 65.4% | 64.9% | 66.8% | 0.60 |
| On diabetes treatment | 42.5% | 41.3% | 46.2% | 0.20 |
| BMI (m/kg2) | 35.6 (7.6) | 35.5 (7.5) | 36.0 (7.8) | 0.39 |
| z-BMI | 2.3 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.4) | 0.99 |
| Acanthosis present | 86.7% | 86.6% | 87.3% | 0.77 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.7 (2.2) | 7.5 (2.0) | 8.5 (2.6) | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (categories) | ||||
| < 8% | 64.4% | 69.1% | 49.5% | |
| 8–10% | 19.4% | 18.2% | 23.2% | |
| > 10% | 16.2% | 12.5% | 27.3% | |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 4.0 (2.1) | 4.1 (2.1) | 3.9 (2.1) | 0.38 |
| Race/ethnicity† | 0.02 | |||
| American Indian | 6.2% | 6.1% | 6.5% | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 34.3% | 31.5% | 43.2% | |
| Hispanic | 39.5% | 41.1% | 34.6% | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 18.3% | 19.6% | 14.3% | |
| Asian | 1.7% | 1.7% | 1.4% | |
| Living with biological parents | 0.24 | |||
| Both | 38.1% | 38.8% | 36.1% | |
| Mother only | 49.0% | 46.9% | 55.6% | |
| Father only | 4.8% | 5.1% | 3.7% | |
| Neither | 8.1% | 9.2% | 4.6% | |
*
Mean (sd), percent, or percentile.
†
Race/ethnicity was determined by self report on two separate items. For data analysis, 25 (3.6%) who reported belonging to more than one racial group were assigned to a racial/ethnic group according to the following priority of risk for type 2 diabetes in youth: AI > Hispanic > NHB > NHW (5).