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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neurobiol. 2012 Feb 25;97(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.02.002

Fig 4. Proposed NMDA receptor-mediated mechanisms in cognitive dysfunction in AD.

Fig 4

In AD development, tau and amyloid plaques overactivate NMDA receptors and thus can cause Ca2+ overflow into dopaminergic neurons and activate several key enzymes, such as the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK).