Table 1.
Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics
| Mean or % | |
|---|---|
| Age(years) | 38.9±5.8 |
| Female | 58/80(72.5) |
| Migraine with aura : | 63/80(78.5) |
| - blurred vision, hemianopsia, cortical blindness | 47/80(58.7) |
| - hemi-lateral loss of strength and paresthesias | 16/80(20.0) |
| Migraine with no aura | 17/80(21.2) |
| MIDAS class 1-2 ( ) | 0/80(0) |
| MIDAS class 3-4 ( ) | 80/80(100) |
| R-L shunt grade 1 | 0/80 (0) |
| Mean number of migraine without aura attacks/month | 1.1±0.2 |
| Mean number of migraine with aura attacks/month | 4.2±0.8 |
| R-L shunt grade 2 | 24/80 (30) |
| R-L shunt grade 3 | 39/80 (48.7) |
| TC Doppler trivial shunt (<15 bubbles) | 0/80 (0) |
| TC Doppler shower pattern | 22/80 (27.5) |
| TC Doppler curtain pattern | 41/80 (52.2) |
| Interatrial septal aneurysm (on TEE) | 80/80(100) |
| White-matter lesion on cerebral MRI | 45/80(56.5) |
| Deficiency of anti-thrombin III, protein C, S | 28/80 (35) |
| Factor V Leiden | 7/80 (8.7) |
| Antiphospholipid or anticardiolipin | 7/80 (8.7) |
| Hyper-homocysteinemia | 38/80 (47.5) |
TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; TC: transcranial Doppler