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. 2012 Jun;22(6):1036–1049. doi: 10.1101/gr.136556.111

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© 2012, Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.

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Figure 8. — Model of subterminal heterochromatin evolution in chimpanzee and gorilla genomes. Shown is a hypothetical mechanism of evolution of subterminal satellite (StSat), chromosome 2, and chromosome 10 regions that have contributed to the subtelomeric chromosomal regions in chimpanzee and gorilla. (C Anc) Catarrhine ancestor, (HCG Anc) human-chimpanzee-gorilla ancestor, (HC Anc) human-chimpanzee ancestor, (H Anc) human ancestor. (A) A pericentric inversion of chromosome IIq in the gorilla-chimpanzee ancestor (Yunis and Prakash 1982; Roberto et al. 2008; Ventura et al. 2011). (B) A segment of chromosome 10 was duplicatively transposed to the short arm of chromosome IIq in the common ancestor of human-chimpanzee-gorilla, placing it in close proximity to centromeric satellite sequences. (C) A pericentric inversion that occurred on chromosome IIp in the human-chimpanzee ancestor (Wienberg et al. 1994; Roberto et al. 2008) internalizing the SatIII sequences. (D) A smaller local inversion in ancestral human-chimpanzee IIq placed the chromosome 2 segment adjacent to the StSat; StSat and potentially duplicated sequences spread to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome IIp in the human and chimpanzee ancestor. (E) A fusion of IIp and IIq human ancestor created human chromosome 2 (Yunis and Prakash 1982; Wienberg et al. 1994) and squelched the spreading of StSat to human subtelomeric regions.