A) Detection of H5 influenza viral RNA in lungs, intestines, and spleen by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B) Strand-specific RT-PCR detected positive-stranded viral RNA only in lungs and intestines but not in spleen. +/–, total RNA; –, negative-stranded RNA; +, positive-stranded RNA. RT-PCR products of an infected cell culture pellet and supernatant are shown as a control for proper amplification of the specific strands (lower panel). C) Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR only in lung tissue of the patient but not in lung tissue from a healthy control.