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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18(2):149–157. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017922

TABLE 4.

Intervention strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Correlate Model Intervention
Maternal viral load Antenatal treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia Antiviral therapy (i.e., zidovudine)
Infant viral exposure Postnatal antibiotic treatment of infants at risk for bacterial infections acquired intrapartum (i.e., after prolonged ruptured membranes/maternal fever) Antiviral therapy (i.e., zidovudine)
Maternal genital viral load Group B streptococcus Topical antiseptic (i.e., chlorhexidine)
Primary active herpes simplex virus (HSV) Cesarean section
Maternal immunocompromise Hepatitis B Passive immunotherapy of infant
Breast feeding Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Breast milk alternatives
Vitamin A deficiency None Vitamin A