Table 3.

Comparisons of characteristics between patients with/without identified pathogens from BAL fluid

Values are presented as number (%) or median (range).

BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit.

^aChronic kidney disease is defined as a decreased kidney glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² for ≥ 3 mon.