Table 3.
ED50 for the incidence of emesis, pica and nausea
Ferret emesis | Dog emesis | Rat pica | Human emesis | Human nausea | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apomorphine | |||||
s.c. | 0.056 | 0.013 | n/a | 0.016 | 0.011 |
i.v. | 0.620 | 0.003 | n/a | 0.070 | n/a |
i.c.v. | n/c (<0.01) | 0.001 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.m. | n/a | n/c (<0.034) | n/a | 0.029 | 0.014 |
p.o. | n/a | 2.439 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
CCK-8 | |||||
i.v. | n/c (>0.05) | 0.001 | n/a | 0.0004 | n/c (<4.5×10−8) |
Cisplatin | |||||
i.v. | 2.447 | 0.316 | n/a | n/c (<0.8) | n/c (<1.9) |
i.p. | 3.477 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.a. | n/a | n/c (>3.5) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Copper sulphate | |||||
p.o. | 2.874 | 2.598 | n/a | 0.168 | 0.143 |
i.v. | n/a | 2.221 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Cyclophosphamide | |||||
i.v. | n/c (<50.0) | 14.781 | n/a | 2.694 | n/c (<2.7) |
i.p. | 100.000 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Ipecacuanha | |||||
p.o. | 0.314 | n/c (<0.49) | n/a | 0.041 | 0.091 |
LiCl | |||||
i.v. | n/c (<86.0) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
p.o. | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/c (>3.74) | n/a |
Morphine | |||||
s.c. | 0.014 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.v. | n/c (<0.05) | 0.036 | n/a | n/c | n/c |
i.c.v. | n/a | 0.0003 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.m. | n/a | 0.506 | n/a | n/a | n/c |
p.o. | n/a | 3.614 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.t. | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.005 | n/c |
Nicotine | |||||
s.c. | 3.368 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.v. | n/a | n/c (<0.081) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.m. | n/a | 3.972 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
p.o. | n/a | n/c (>13.4) | n/a | 0.126 | n/c (>0.046) |
t.d. | n/a | 2.235 | n/a | 1.169 | 0.0385 |
inhalation | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/c (>0.034) | n/c (>0.034) |
Rolipram | |||||
i.v. | n/a | 0.189 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
p.o. | 0.842 | 0.062 | 0.479 | n/a | 0.030 |
s.c. | n/c | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
i.c.v. | n/c | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
ED50 (dose at which 50% of the individuals developed emesis, pica or nausea) are expressed in mg·kg−1, expect for i.c.v. administration which is expressed in mg. ED50 were extrapolated following a sigmoidal curve fit (variable slope, normalized); values in parentheses are given as indications, when the data were too limited to fit a curve. n/c: not computed (the data available were not sufficient to enable ED50 calculation). n/a: not available (there were no data for that species at that mode of administration).