Figure 1.

Examples of virtual environments learned by participants in the experiment. They were presented either from a ground-level perspective in varying orientations (A) or from an aerial perspective in a fixed orientation (B). The presentation of each environment began at its southwest corner (lower left corner in the figure) and proceeded clockwise along the four legs (C). These virtual environments were originally created and used by Shelton and colleagues (Shelton and Gabrieli, 2002; Shelton and McNamara, 2004).