TABLE 4.
Relative risk of all-cause mortality by category of weight change from age 21 years to study entry, Leisure World Cohort Study, 1981–2004
| Weight change category | Weight change (%)
|
Weight change (pounds*)
|
No. of participants | No. of deaths | Model 1† |
Model 2‡ |
Model 3§ |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Range | Median | Range | RR¶ | 95% CI¶ | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |||
| Underweight (BMI¶,# <18.5) at age 21 years | ||||||||||||
| Weight loss >5% | 710 | 732.7 to –5.1 | 710 | 734 to –5 | 37 | 34 | 1.93 | 1.37, 2.70 | 1.94 | 1.38, 2.72 | 1.87 | 1.33, 2.63 |
| Stable weight (within 5%) | 0 | 75.0 to 5.0 | 0 | 76 to 6 | 147 | 137 | 1.48 | 1.24, 1.76 | 1.43 | 1.20, 1.70 | 1.45 | 1.22, 1.73 |
| Weight gain 5.1–15% | 10.6 | 5.1 to 15.0 | 11 | 5 to 20 | 260 | 215 | 1.12 | 0.97, 1.28 | 1.10 | 0.96, 1.27 | 1.09 | 0.95, 1.26 |
| Weight gain >15% | 30 | 15.1 to 104.5 | 31 | 13 to 100 | 964 | 768 | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.06 | 0.94 | 0.87, 1.02 | 0.90 | 0.83, 0.98 |
| Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9) at age 21 years | ||||||||||||
| Weight loss >5% | 79.6 | 733.3 to –5.0 | 713 | 755 to –5 | 1,293 | 1,169 | 1.28 | 1.19, 1.37 | 1.27 | 1.18, 1.36 | 1.26 | 1.17, 1.35 |
| Stable weight (within 5%) | 0.8 | 75.0 to 5.0 | 1 | 79 to 10 | 2,725 | 2,275 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Weight gain 5.1–15% | 9.7 | 5.0 to 15.0 | 12 | 5 to 25 | 3,324 | 2,728 | 0.96 | 0.91, 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.90, 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.88, 0.99 |
| Weight gain >15% | 23 | 15.0 to 141.4 | 30 | 15 to 164 | 3,672 | 2,966 | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.88, 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.85, 0.95 |
| Overweight/obese (BMI 325) at age 21 years | ||||||||||||
| Weight loss >5% | 712.5 | 753.6 to –5.1 | 720 | 7133 to –7 | 441 | 403 | 1.26 | 1.13, 1.40 | 1.25 | 1.12, 1.39 | 1.23 | 1.10, 1.37 |
| Stable weight (within 5%) | 0 | 75.0 to 5.0 | 0 | 710 to 10 | 273 | 241 | 1.05 | 0.92, 1.20 | 1.02 | 0.89, 1.16 | 1.00 | 0.88, 1.14 |
| Weight gain 5.1–15% | 8.8 | 5.1 to 15.0 | 15 | 7 to 30 | 201 | 173 | 1.09 | 0.93, 1.27 | 1.06 | 0.91, 1.24 | 1.00 | 0.86, 1.17 |
| Weight gain >15% | 19.8 | 15.2 to 84.4 | 30.5 | 20 to 135 | 114 | 94 | 1.32 | 1.08, 1.63 | 1.25 | 1.02, 1.54 | 1.15 | 0.93, 1.41 |
*
1 pound = 0.45 kg.
†
Results were adjusted for age at entry, gender, and smoking.
‡
Results were adjusted for age at entry, gender, smoking, and “active” activities (seven categories).
§
Results were adjusted for age at entry, gender, smoking, “active” activities (seven categories), and history of hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer.
¶
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
#
Weight (kg)/height (m)2.