TABLE 5.
Characteristics Associated With High SDM Among Children With Asthma
| Variable | High SDM (Unadjusted), % | High SDM (Standardizeda), % (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 66.4 | 68.6 (65.3–71.8) | Baseline |
| Female | 63.9 | 66.9 (62.9–70.9) | .47 |
| Race | |||
| White | 67.0 | 69.0 (65.7–72.2) | Baseline |
| Black | 61.8 | 65.1 (59.9–70.3) | .14 |
| Other | 59.8 | 60.7 (53.3–68.0) | .04 |
| Parental education | |||
| No degree | 63.6 | 69.8 (64.4–75.3) | Baseline |
| High school complete | 64.7 | 67.7 (63.7–71.8) | .46 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 66.1 | 65.8 (60.0–71.5) | .29 |
| Graduate-level degree | 72.9 | 70.1 (61.8–78.4) | .96 |
| Other degree | 63.2 | 66.7 (60.5–72.9) | .45 |
| Income | |||
| Poor | 61.0 | 63.5 (56.9–70.0) | Baseline |
| Near poor | 55.7 | 61.2 (51.5–70.8) | .69 |
| Low income | 64.5 | 67.0 (62.1–71.9) | .28 |
| Middle income | 66.1 | 69.4 (64.8–74.0) | .17 |
| High income | 70.6 | 70.0 (64.0–76.0) | .2 |
| Insurance coverage | |||
| Any private | 67.2 | 67.1 (63.9–70.3) | Baseline |
| Public | 63.1 | 70.5 (65.0–75.9) | .32 |
| None | 54.7 | 59.8 (44.9–74.6) | .32 |
| Region | |||
| Northeast | 69.0 | 71.2 (64.7–77.7) | Baseline |
| Midwest | 69.9 | 69.8 (66.2–73.4) | .69 |
| South | 63.3 | 66.2 (61.5–70.9) | .2 |
| West | 60.9 | 65.6 (60.8–70.4) | .16 |
| Health status | |||
| General health: score on Child Health Questionnaire items | |||
| Low (worst health) | 58.7 | 61.5 (56.8–66.2) | Baseline |
| Medium | 62.5 | 63.6 (60.0–67.2) | .42 |
| High (best health) | 71.9 | 69.9 (66.2–73.7) | .002 |
| Behavioral Impairment: Columbia Impairment Scale (only includes children ≥5 y old | |||
| Unimpaired | 69.1 | 70.2 (66.9–73.4) | Baseline |
| Impaired | 56.1 | 63.6 (58.1–69.0) | .03 |
| Access to care | |||
| Difficulty in getting to usual source of care | |||
| Very difficult | 42.3 | 56.2 (39.4–73.0) | Baseline |
| Somewhat difficult | 45.6 | 59.5 (48.5–70.6) | .73 |
| Not too difficult | 51.1 | 60.0 (53.7–66.2) | .68 |
| Not at all difficult | 70.7 | 70.3 (67.2–73.4) | .08 |
| Difficulty in contacting usual source of care by telephone | |||
| Very difficult | 38.6 | 48.1 (36.3–59.9) | Baseline |
| Somewhat difficult | 41.7 | 46.9 (39.7–54.2) | .86 |
| Not too difficult | 54.2 | 59.5 (53.8–65.2) | .07 |
| Not at all difficult | 76.1 | 76.8 (73.6–80.1) | <.001 |
a
Marginal standardization was used for comparisons and can be interpreted as the fraction of subjects who would engage in full participation if standardized to the characteristics of the entire sample.