Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects (N = 14,912)
| Characteristic | Mean (%) |
|---|---|
| Mean Age (SD) | 57.3 (7.3) |
| Gender (N,%) | |
| Male | 6,417 (43.0%) |
| Female | 8,495 (57.0%) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Hypertension | 8,957 (60.1) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 8,252 (55.3) |
| Neoplasms | 4,522 (30.3) |
| Back pain | 4,398 (29.5) |
| Painful neuropathic disorders | 4,363 (29.3) |
| Chest pain | 3,568 (23.9) |
| Diabetes | 2,867 (19.2) |
| Fatigue | 2,754(18.5) |
| Abdominal pain | 2,678 (18) |
| Depressive disorders | 2,160 (14.5) |
| Obesity | 2,053 (13.8) |
| Sleep disorders | 2,041 (13.7) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2,015 (13.5) |
| Cervical pain | 1,687 (11.3) |
| Cardiac dysrythmias | 1,612 (10.8) |
| Fibromyalgia | 1,414 (9.5) |
| Anxiety disorders | 1,302 (8.7) |
| Headache | 1,298 (8.7) |
| Valve disease | 1,158 (7.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 651 (4.4) |
| Migraine | 530 (3.6) |
| Gout | 479 (3.2) |
| Congestive heart failure | 422 (2.8) |
| Payer Type | |
| HMO | 3,546 (23.8) |
| PPO | 8,169 (54.8) |
| POS | 2,356 (15.8) |
| Other/unknown | 622 (4.2) |
| Census Region | |
| Northeast | 4,322 (29.0) |
| South | 2,332 (15.6) |
| Midwest | 6,250 (41.9) |
| West | 2,008 (13.5) |