HIV-1 trans-activating (TAT)-amino-Nogo-A reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A measure of 0.2 μM TAT-AM was added to the neuron cultures before 2 h, simultaneously or post 5 or 30 min of 50 μM H2O2 treatment for 2 h, and ROS level was examined by dihydroethidium (DHE) under fluorescence microscope (a) and statistically analyzed (b). ROS examination was also performed in transfected neurons with small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against Nogo-A (c) and amino-Nogo deletions (d). Bar=50 μm, n=3, mean±S.D., one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), *P<0.05; **P<0.01. ***P<0.001