Table 3.
Association tests of PNPLA3 rs738409 in different NAFLD spectrum
| NAFLD spectrum | G allele frequency | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age, gender and ethnicity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | OR (CI) | p value | OR (CI) | ||
| Control as reference | |||||
| NAFLD vs. control | |||||
| Overall | 0.45 vs. 0.24 | <0.0001 | 2.34 (1.69–3.24) | <0.0001 | 2.23 (1.60–3.11) |
| Malays | 0.42 vs. 0.24 | 0.005 | 2.05 (1.25–3.35) | 0.007 | 2.00 (1.21–3.21) |
| Chinese | 0.49 vs. 0.32 | 0.018 | 1.94 (1.12–3.37) | 0.02 | 1.93 (1.11–3.36) |
| Indians | 0.44 vs. 0.18 | 0.001 | 3.51 (1.69–7.26) | 0.001 | 3.50 (1.67–7.33) |
| Simple steatosis vs. control | 0.35 vs. 0.24 | 0.083 | 1.61 (0.94–2.75) | 0.272 | 1.37 (0.78–2.42) |
| All NASH vs. control | 0.48 vs. 0.24 | <0.0001 | 2.64 (1.85–3.75) | <0.0001 | 2.58 (1.80–3.69) |
| NASHa vs. control | 0.39 vs. 0.24 | 0.011 | 1.96 (1.17–3.29) | 0.023 | 1.86 (1.09–3.18) |
| NASHb vs. control | 0.52 vs. 0.24 | <0.0001 | 3.02 (2.02–4.50) | <0.0001 | 2.99 (1.99–4.50) |
| Simple steatosis as reference | |||||
| All NASH vs. simple steatosis | 0.48 vs. 0.35 | 0.083 | 1.63 (0.94–2.81) | – | – |
| NASHa vs. simple steatosis | 0.39 vs. 0.35 | 0.6 | 1.20 (0.61–2.38) | – | – |
| NASHb vs. simple steatosis | 0.52 vs. 0.35 | 0.035 | 1.85 (1.05–3.26) | – | – |
| NASH a as reference | |||||
| NASHb vs. NASHa | 0.52 vs 0.39 | 0.088 | 1.62 (0.93–2.81) | – | – |
CI confident interval, OR odds ratio, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without significant fibrosis, NASH b non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant fibrosis