Table 3.
Metal concentrations in adult honeybees in the current and previous studies
| Element | Current study | Previous studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration range (μg g−1) | Concentration range (μg g−1) | Comments | Reference | |
| As | 0.67–0.83 | <0.5–12.5 | 72 sites (rural–urban) | Bromenshenk et al. 1985 |
| <0.1 | Hives without CCA | Kalnins and Detroy (1984) | ||
| 0.77–1.11 | Hives with CCA | Kalnins and Detroy (1984) | ||
| Cd | 0.05–0.75 | <0.6–>1.8 | 72 sites (rural–urban) | Bromenshenk et al. 1985 |
| 2.89–3.43 | Non-contaminated sites | Conti and Botré 2001 | ||
| 2.87–4.23 | Sites in city centre/near highway | Conti and Botré 2001 | ||
| 0.03–0.18 | Control sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) | ||
| 0.05–1.2 | Industrial sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) | ||
| 1.1–1.9a | Near crossroad with heavy traffic | Leita et al. (1996) | ||
| 0.14–0.16a | Agricultural-forest region | Roman (2005) | ||
| 0.10–0.17a | Industrialized region | Roman (2005) | ||
| 0.16–1.34 | Relatively clean locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| 0.74–1.75 | Industrial locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| Cr | 0.15–0.28 | 0.054–0.080 | Non-contaminated sites | Conti and Botré 2001 |
| 0.052–0.116 | Sites in city centre/near highway | Conti and Botré 2001 | ||
| 1.4 ± 0.2a | Different locations | Kump et al. (1996) | ||
| <0.06–0.34 | Hives without CCA | Kalnins and Detroy (1984) | ||
| 0.58–0.8 | Hives with CCA | Kalnins and Detroy (1984) | ||
| <0.1–3.6 | National park | Porrini et al. (2002) | ||
| <0.1–1.2 | City centre | Porrini et al. (2002) | ||
| 0.05–0.18a | Agricultural-forest region | Roman (2005) | ||
| 0.16–0.23a | Industrialized region | Roman (2005) | ||
| Cu | 11.65–19.77 | 13–15 | Control sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) |
| 14–27 | Industrial sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) | ||
| 35.7 ± 1.5a | Different locations | Kump et al. (1996) | ||
| 8.68–9.70 | Hives without CCA | Kalnins and Detroy (1984) | ||
| 9.86–10.5 | Hives with CCA | Kalnins and Detroy (1984) | ||
| 15.16–30.55 | Relatively clean locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| 31.89–37.68 | Industrial locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| Mn | 20.69–50.80 | 75.7 ± 5.6a | Different locations | Kump et al. (1996) |
| Ni | 0.19–0.47 | 0.12–0.42 | National park | Porrini et al. (2002) |
| 0.13–0.43 | City centre | Porrini et al. (2002) | ||
| 0.27–0.42a | Agricultural-forest region | Roman (2005) | ||
| 0.36–0.50a | Industrialized region | Roman (2005) | ||
| Pb | 0.19–1.67 | 0.52–1.00 | Non-contaminated sites | Conti and Botré 2001 |
| 0.64–1.25 | Sites in city centre/near highway | Conti and Botré 2001 | ||
| 0.58–0.62 | Control sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) | ||
| 0.27–1.4 | Industrial sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) | ||
| 1.4–3.0a | Near crossroad with heavy traffic | Leita et al. (1996) | ||
| 0.15–0.55 | National park | Porrini et al. (2002) | ||
| 0.45–0.95 | City centre | Porrini et al. (2002) | ||
| 1.5–30 | Far from–near busy highway | Pratt and Sikorski (1982) | ||
| 0.28–0.29a | Agricultural-forest region | Roman (2005) | ||
| 0.64–1.01a | Industrialized region | Roman (2005) | ||
| 0.58–2.47 | Relatively clean locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| 3.68–9.28 | Industrial locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| Se | 1.15–1.53 | 1.84–2.38a | Agricultural-forest region | Roman (2005) |
| 2.16–5.98a | Industrialized region | Roman (2005) | ||
| Zn | 61.14–100.64 | 55–73 | Control sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) |
| 59–100 | Industrial sites | Fakhimzadeh and Lodenius (2000) | ||
| 202 ± 5a | Different locations | Kump et al. (1996) | ||
| 52.5–76.2a | Near crossroad with heavy traffic | Leita et al. (1996) | ||
| 90.34–188.72 | Relatively clean locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
| 153.34–204.4 | Industrial locality | Veleminsky et al. (1990) | ||
aICP-AES analyses